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Fuel type preference of taxi driver and its implications for air emissions

Feng WANG,Beibei LIU,Bing ZHANG,Jun BI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 702-711 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0665-x

摘要： Natural gas became an available fuel for taxis in 2005 and had occupied a market share of 43.6% in taxi industry till 2010 in Nanjing, China. To investigate the energy replacement pattern as well as the pollutants reduction potential of the taxi industry, first, the fuel preference determinants of taxi drivers for their next taxis are analyzed. Results show that as an important alternative for the traditional gasoline, natural gas is widely accepted (75%) by taxi drivers. Different from the previous studies which focused on the early stage of cleaner fuel replacement, taxi drivers with various characteristics (such as age, working experience, and education level) are consistent with their fuel preference when they choose their next taxis. Result suggests that policies that concern consumers with specific characteristics may have little effects on the change of the market share, when the alternative fuel market has been developed well. In addition, the increased share of gas in the fuel market achieves a 7.2% reduction of energy consumption. Considering life cycle emissions, the following air pollutants, namely Greenhouse Gases (GHGs), carbonic oxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO ), particulate matters (PM) and hydrocarbons (C H ), gain 10.0%, 3.5%, 20.5%, 36.1%, and 26.4% of reduction respectively. Assuming all taxi fleets powered by natural gas with local policy intervention, the energy conservation and the five major air pollutant emissions could achieve the maximum reductions with 12.2%, 16.0%, 8.8%, 22.5%, 44.2%, and 49.4% correspondingly.

关键词： fuel preference     energy replacement     environmental impacts     taxi    

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ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY BEVERAGE PACKAGING: THE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 95-108 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022478

摘要：

● Consumer preference for environmentally-friendly beverage packaging was investigated.

关键词： China     consumer preference     food and beverage packaging     green identity label     information treatment     plastics    

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Optimal risk allocation in alliance infrastructure projects: A social preference perspective

Xiang DING, Qian LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 326-336 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0145-x

摘要： The mechanism of risk allocation is designed to protect all stakeholders, and it is vital to project success. Qualitative and quantitative ways of optimizing risk allocation have been well documented in extant literature (e.g., allocation principles, models, and solutions), and the foci of existing research are usually the maximization of rational utility. Few research has focused on partners’ social preferences affecting the output of risk allocation. This study presents a quantitative approach based on modeling alliance member (AM)’s inequity aversion (IA) to analyze risk-sharing arrangements in an alliance project. Fehr and Schmidt’s inequity-aversion model is integrated into modeling partner’s utility. This paper derives results for an alliance leader (AL)’s optimal risk-sharing ratio and AM’s optimal risk-management effort simultaneously. The derivation is based on solving a restrained optimization problem using the conception and methods from Stackelberg game theory. Results show that an AM’s IA significantly affects risk allocation between AL and AM. Specifically, envious preference is positively related to AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio, whereas guilty preference negatively affects AL’s optimal risk-sharing ratio. These findings will be of interest to academics and practitioners involved in designing alliance negotiations.

关键词： public project     contract design     risk sharing     inequity aversion     governance    

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DIP-MOEA：一种形式化表达决策者偏好的双重网格交互偏好多目标进化算法 Research Article

赵禄达1,2,王斌1,2,姜晓平1,2,卢义成3,胡以华1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第23卷 第11期   页码 1714-1732 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2100508

摘要：

几乎所有现有的基于偏好的多目标进化算法(MOEA)给出的最终解集都与决策者偏好信息的表示存在一定距离。因此，提出一种多目标优化算法，称为双重网格交互式基于偏好的多目标进化算法(DIP-MOEA)，该算法明确考虑了决策者偏好。首先根据实际多目标优化问题(MOPs)的优化目标和决策者偏好映射隶属度函数，生成决策偏好度网格和偏好误差网格。其次，提出偏好度支配和偏好误差支配两种种群支配方式，并利用该方案更新两个网格中的种群。最后综合两个网格中的种群并结合决策者偏好交互信息可进行偏好多目标优化交互。为验证DIP-MOEA性能，我们在基本DTLZ系列函数和多目标背包问题上对DIP-MOEA进行测试，并将其与几种流行的基于偏好的多目标进化算法进行比较。实验结果表明，DIP-MOEA能较好表达决策者偏好信息，提供满足决策者偏好的解集，快速求解测试问题结果，并在最终解集的Pareto前沿分布性具有较好表现。

关键词： 多目标进化算法（MOEA）；决策者偏好形式化；种群更新策略；偏好交互    

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Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 664-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0787-3

摘要： The combustion characteristics and emission behaviors of RP-3 jet fuel were studied and compared to commercial diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine operational parameters, including engine load (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 MPa indicating the mean effective pressure (IMEP)), the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and the fuel injection timing (−20, −15, −10, and −5 ° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC)) were adjusted to evaluate the engine performances of RP-3 jet fuel under changed operation conditions. In comparison to diesel fuel, RP-3 jet fuel shows a retarded heat release and lagged combustion phase, which is more obvious under heavy EGR rate conditions. In addition, the higher premixed combustion fraction of RP-3 jet fuel leads to a higher first-stage heat release peak than diesel fuel under all testing conditions. As a result, RP-3 jet fuel features a longer ignition delay (ID) time, a shorter combustion duration (CD), and an earlier CA50 than diesel fuel. The experimental results manifest that RP-3 jet fuel has a slightly lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) compared to diesel fuel, but the ITE difference becomes less noticeable under large EGR rate conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of RP-3 jet fuel are higher while its soot emissions are lower. The NOx emissions of RP-3 can be effectively reduced with the increased EGR rate and delayed injection timing.

关键词： RP-3 jet fuel     diesel     engine     combustion     emissions    

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Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1553-4

摘要：

● Methanol effectively reduces CO, HC, CO2, PM, and PN emissions of gasoline vehicles.

关键词： Methanol fuel     Vehicular emission     Emission reduction     Cleaner fuel     Gasoline substitute    

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Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 318-325 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0488-0

摘要： The durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been posing a key technical challenge to commercial spread of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To improve the durability, it is necessary to optimize the fuel cell system (FCS) design against failure modes. The fuel cell durability research method at FCS scale was exhibited, and the failure modes of fuel cell were experimentally investigated in this paper. It is found that the fuel cell dry operation, start/stop cycle and gas diffusion layer (GDL) flooding are typical failure modes of fuel cells. After the modifications against the failure modes, the durability of FCSs is improved to over 3000 h step by step.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel cell system (FCS)     durability     failure mode     fuel cell vehicle (FCV)     carbon corrosion     water management    

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Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 59-65 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0022-5

摘要： The interaction between two types of fuel spray and a hot porous medium is studied numerically by using an improved version of KIVA-3V code. The improved KIVA-3V code is incorporated with an impingement model, a heat transfer model and a linearized instability sheet atomization (LISA) model to model the hollow cone spray. An evaporating fuel spray impingement on a hot plane surface was simulated under conditions of experiments performed by Senda to validate the reasonability of the KIVA-3V code. The numerical results conform well with experimental data for spray radius in the liquid and the vapor phases. Computational results on the interaction of two types of the fuel spray and the hot porous medium show that the fuel spray can be split, which provides conditions for quick evaporation of fuel droplets and mixing of fuel vapor with air. The possibility of fuel droplets from hollow cone spray crossing the porous medium reduces compared with that from solid cone spray, with the same initial kinetic energy of fuel droplets in both injection types.

关键词： improved version     impingement     atomization     hollow     radius    

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Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 137-148 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0153-y

摘要： Great progress has been made in the past two decades in the development of the electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review article is focused on recent advances made in the kinetic-activity improvement on platinum- (Pt-) based cathode electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The origin of the limited ORR activity of Pt catalysts is discussed, followed by a review on the development of Pt alloy catalysts, Pt monolayer catalysts, and shape- and facet-controlled Pt-alloy nanocrystal catalysts. Mechanistic understanding is reviewed as well on the factors contributing to the enhanced ORR activity of these catalysts. Finally, future directions for PEMFC catalyst research are proposed.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)     cathode electrocatalysts     platinum     oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)    

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

摘要： Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti4O7 supported IrOx is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrOx/Ti4O7 has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrOx (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrOx particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti4O7 and IrOx/Ti4O7 particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti4O7 support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrOx/Ti4O7 with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)     fuel starvation     cell reverse     reversal tolerance anode     oxygen evolution reaction    

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基于兴趣转移模型的协同过滤算法 Article

Bin JU,Yun-tao QIAN,Min-chao YE

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第6期   页码 489-500 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500313

摘要： 通过用户在平台上的浏览和购物次数来预测用户未来可能购买何种物品是推荐系统的热点问题。本文首先假定用户-物品的购买矩阵和浏览矩阵中的频次数据符合泊松分布，并通过概率图模型对两个矩阵进行共享物品因子的分解。然后，提出了一个基于泊松分布先验的多任务非负矩阵分解算法。算法第一阶段，把用户-物品浏览矩阵和用户-物品购买矩阵一起分解为用户浏览兴趣因子矩阵和用户购买兴趣因子矩阵。第二阶段，基于两个兴趣因子矩阵生成所谓的兴趣转移字典。第三阶段，根据兴趣转移字典以及热门商品的筛选规则，重构下一阶段用户-物品的购买矩阵，预测未来用户可能会购买何种物品。

关键词： 推荐系统；协同过滤；多任务非负矩阵分解；泊松分布先验；跨域    

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Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 286-298 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0477-3

摘要： To significantly reduce the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, platinum-group metal (PGM)-free cathode catalysts are highly desirable. Current M-N-C (M: Fe, Co or Mn) catalysts are considered the most promising due to their encouraging performance. The challenge thus has been their stability under acidic conditions, which has hindered their use for any practical applications. In this review, based on the author’s research experience in the field for more than 10 years, current challenges and possible solutions to overcome these problems were discussed. The current Edisonian approach (i.e., trial and error) to developing PGM-free catalysts has been ineffective in achieving revolutionary breakthroughs. Novel synthesis techniques based on a more methodological approach will enable atomic control and allow us to achieve optimal electronic and geometric structures for active sites uniformly dispersed within the 3D architectures. Structural and chemical controlled precursors such as metal-organic frameworks are highly desirable for making catalysts with an increased density of active sites and strengthening local bonding structures among N, C and metals. Advanced electrochemical and physical characterization, such as electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy should be combined with first principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations to fully elucidate the active site structures.

关键词： oxygen reduction     fuel cells     cathode     nonprecious metal catalysts     carbon nanocomposites    

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Renewable synthetic fuel: turning carbon dioxide back into fuel

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 145-149 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0828-6

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A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 325-338 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0618-y

摘要： Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is the most promising among the various types of fuel cells. Though it has found its applications in numerous fields, the cost and durability are key barriers impeding the commercialization of PEM fuel cell stack. The crucial and expensive component involved in it is the gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and its degradation, which limits the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. A critical analysis and comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional properties of various materials involved in the GDE can help us to address the related durability and cost issues. This paper reviews the key GDE components, and in specific, the root causes influencing the durability. It also envisages the role of novel materials and provides a critical recommendation to improve the GDE durability.

关键词： PEM fuel cell     gas diffusion electrode(GDE)     gas diffusion layer(GDL)     membrane electrode assembly     durability     fuel cell catalyst    

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A methodology for regulating fuel stratification and improving fuel economy of GCI mode via double main-injection

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 678-691 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0859-z

摘要： Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion faces problems such as high maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and combustion deterioration at high loads. This paper aims to improve the engine performance of the GCI mode by regulating concentration stratification and promoting fuel-gas mixing by utilizing the double main-injection (DMI) strategy. Two direct injectors simultaneously injected gasoline with an octane number of 82.7 to investigate the energy ratio between the two main-injection and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions. High-load experiments were conducted using the DMI strategy and compared with the single main-injection (SMI) strategy and conventional diesel combustion. The results indicate that the DMI strategy have a great potential to reduce the MPRR and improve the fuel economy of the GCI mode. At a 10 bar indicated mean effective pressure, increasing the main-injection-2 ratio (Rm-2) shortens the injection duration and increases the mean mixing time. Optimized Rm-2 could moderate the trade-off between the MPRR and the indicated specific fuel consumption with both reductions. An appropriate EGR should be adopted considering combustion and emissions. The DMI strategy achieves a highly efficient and stable combustion at high loads, with an indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) greater than 48%, CO and THC emissions at low levels, and MPRR within a reasonable range. Compared with the SMI strategy, the maximum improvement of the ITE is 1.5%, and the maximum reduction of MPRR is 1.5 bar/°CA.

关键词： gasoline compression ignition     injection strategy     fuel stratification     high efficiency     high load    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Fuel type preference of taxi driver and its implications for air emissions

Feng WANG,Beibei LIU,Bing ZHANG,Jun BI

期刊论文

ENVIRONMENTAL ATTITUDES AND CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY BEVERAGE PACKAGING: THE

期刊论文

Optimal risk allocation in alliance infrastructure projects: A social preference perspective

Xiang DING, Qian LI

期刊论文

DIP-MOEA：一种形式化表达决策者偏好的双重网格交互偏好多目标进化算法

赵禄达1,2,王斌1,2,姜晓平1,2,卢义成3,胡以华1,2

期刊论文

Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

期刊论文

Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

期刊论文

Failure mode investigation of fuel cell for vehicle application

Zhongjun HOU, Renfang WANG, Keyong WANG, Weiyu SHI, Danming XING, Hongchun JIANG

期刊论文

Numerical investigation of the effects of fuel spray type on the interaction of fuel spray and hot porous

ZHAO Zhiguo, XIE Maozhao

期刊论文

Recent advances in cathode electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells

Junliang ZHANG

期刊论文

TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

期刊论文

基于兴趣转移模型的协同过滤算法

Bin JU,Yun-tao QIAN,Min-chao YE

期刊论文

Current challenge and perspective of PGM-free cathode catalysts for PEM fuel cells

Gang WU

期刊论文

Renewable synthetic fuel: turning carbon dioxide back into fuel

期刊论文

A comprehensive assessment on the durability of gas diffusion electrode materials in PEM fuel cell stack

Arunkumar JAYAKUMAR

期刊论文

A methodology for regulating fuel stratification and improving fuel economy of GCI mode via double main-injection

期刊论文